Outcome of Transbronchial Lung Biopsy in Parenchymal Lung Diseases in Department of Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background of study; Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLDs) are complex conditions that often require histological confirmation for accurate diagnosis. While video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is the gold standard, transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) offers a less invasive alternative. This study evaluates the diagnostic yield and complications of TBLB in DPLD patients at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital. Objective; To evaluate the outcome of Transbronchial lung biopsy in parenchymal lung diseases in department of tertiary care hospital. Methods; This prospective study included 48 patients with HRCT features of DPLD who underwent TBLB at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital from January to December 2019. Biopsies were taken from middle or lower lobe segments using a 6 mm channel Fujinon therapeutic bronchoscope under sedation and analgesia. Patients with significant comorbidities or bleeding risk were excluded. Histological samples were sent for analysis. Results; Of 48 enrolled patients (mean age 53 ± 12 years; 28 males, 20 females), the most common HRCT finding was bilateral ground glass opacities (30.2%). Adequate histological samples were obtained in 90% of cases. The most frequent diagnoses were nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis (27.3%), usual interstitial pneumonia (24.2%), and sarcoidosis/hypersensitivity pneumonitis (18.2% each). Pneumothorax occurred in 8 patients; 6 resolved conservatively, while 2 required tube thoracostomy. Conclusion: TBLB is a safe, effective diagnostic option for DPLD, offering good yield with fewer risks, especially in resource-limited settings. Advances in technique may further enhance its accuracy.