Entrepreneurship in the agrarian sector of Kazakhstan: management strategy

The development of entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan's agriculture is one of the key tasks for ensuring food security and economic stability in the country. Between 2020 and 2023, the republic’s agrarian sector demonstrated mixed trends influenced by internal and external factors. The goal is to analyze the current state of entrepreneurial activity in the agrarian sphere and identify the main problems. Methods – the statistical method was used to examine the dynamics of gross output, investment levels, the number of agricultural enterprises, and the scale and nature of structural imbalances, forming the basis for further conclusions. The systems method revealed interconnections between financing volumes, digital transformation, state support, and regional infrastructure, allowing the agro-industrial complex to be interpreted as a system of interdependent elements. The comparative method was used to compare regional data and contrast national indicators with international benchmarks in digital farming and access to capital. Results – problematic areas were identified, including a low level of digitalization, covering only 12% of agricultural land, and limited financial accessibility. Conclusions – small and medium-sized enterprises face restricted financial resources. The share of small and medium agribusiness is 14.8%, which hinders its integration into total production volume. Global market shifts, price fluctuations, and geopolitical factors negatively impact Kazakhstan’s export potential — for example, grain exports declined by 12.6% in 2024. Growth in entrepreneurial activity enables agricultural entities to improve tools, increase crop yields through the adoption of innovative developments, and strengthen their economic and financial positions. The above allows us to conclude that increasing the resources of small and medium-sized enterprises is only possible through joint efforts of entrepreneurs and the state, supported by large businesses.