The vehicle-to-grid (V2G) network involves intelligent charge and discharge decisions are made based on user operational energy requirements. It is economically beneficial, and it has attracted the interest of power system and electric vehicle (EV) users. The vehicle can temporarily serve as a distributed energy storage system to reduce the peak load on the power grid by utilizing its battery capacity. There are many continues transactions between EV’s and grid, the security problems in these transactions block its progress. Information management capabilities enabled by a secured network, such as a reliable privacy-preserving payment systems are also supported by V2G. Many present V2G techniques such as bilinear pairing or elliptical curve to execute the authentication protocol, which results in significant computational costs. Moreover, in the existing V2G technique, the system master key is generated independently by a trusted third party, subjecting the system master key to leakage if the third party is compromised by the attacker. This approach uses the anti-super singular elliptic curve to create a lightweight authentication system for electric vehicles and smart grids.
Naveen et al. (2025) studied this question.