A. J. Polan's Weberian-inspired and seemingly persuasive critique of Lenin in Lenin and the End of Politics has gone unanswered. In the process of refuting Polan a critical defense of Lenin is offered. The general question is raised about what kind of Marxism is needed in the face of modernity in order to broaden the horizon of democratic possibility. This requires some kind of Marxist-Weberian synthesis that goes beyond liberal democracy.
Jules Townshend (1999) studied this question.
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