Haemodialysis centre-related factors and Hepatitis C seroconversion: A systematic review of risk and protective measures

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is primarily transmitted through blood. Patients with renal failure undergoing haemodialysis (HD) are at higher risks of HCV infection due to compromised immune systems. This review aimed to identify organizational risk factors within HD centres that are crucial for reducing HCV seroconversion. A systematic review was conducted, analyzing studies published between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2023, across four databases (PubMed, EBSCO, Ovid Medline, and Google Scholar). Eighteen quantitative studies were included. Data synthesis was guided by the Donabedian framework, which evaluated factors associated with HCV seroconversion among HD patients in terms of structures and processes within healthcare settings. Adherence to infection control policies and isolation protocols for hepatitis cases was protective against HCV seroconversion, while dialyzer reuse, absence of dedicated dialysis machines, and insufficient nurse-to-patient ratios were important risk factors. This review underscores the importance of HD centre-related factors in preventing HCV transmission. Strict adherence to infection control measures, proper isolation, and dedicated equipment are essential in reducing HCV seroconversion risk. A multi-stakeholder approach involving healthcare administrators, policymakers, and clinical staff is essential to prioritize these organizational challenges to minimize HCV transmission in HD centres and ultimately enhance patient safety and care quality.