Motivation: Easy-to-use and time-efficient whole-heart imaging that can be performed, without the need for contrast agents, remains an unmet need in the evaluation of congenital heart disease patients. Goal(s): To demonstrate the feasibility of native contrast 5D FISS CMR and compare it to established 2D and 3D methods in CHD patients. Approach: Contrast and sharpness measurements from 2D and 3D CMR are quantitatively compared to those from 5D FISS. Results: 5D FISS CMR with native contrast in a fixed six-minute scan time provides comparable images to standard 2D and 3D CMR building towards a simplified method for evaluating CHD without contrast agents. Impact: Free-running Fast-Interrupted Steady-State 5D whole-heart MRI enables the evaluation of the cardiac anatomy in patients with congenital heart disease within a fixed six-minute scan time and without contrast agents.
Roy et al. (2025) studied this question.