Abstract The integration of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) into Metal Oxides has garnered significant interest due to their unique combined synergistic effects, morphological features, and outstanding performance across various high‐tech applications ranging from sustainable solutions to environmental and energy sector problems. This article comprehensively covers every aspect of pristine MOF and MOF@MO composite materials, spanning synthesis methodologies, morphological features, synergistic effects, and their extensive applications in the environmental and energy sectors. The article begins by detailing the synthesis methods for pristine MOFs and MOF@MO composites. It systematically illustrates the combined synergistic effects of MOF@MO composite materials, highlighting their enhanced properties and morphological characteristics in a schematic manner. Subsequently, the article delves into the applications of these composite materials in environmental and energy sectors, including wastewater treatment, energy storage and conversion, supercapacitors, and wastewater treatment technologies. Moreover, this study highlights the underlying mechanisms involved during these applications and discusses their key findings. Furthermore, the article consolidates recent research and integrated studies up to the present, providing a comprehensive overview of advancements in the field. It concludes with a precise and concise conclusion, offering insights into future prospects and inviting new researchers and professionals to explore emerging opportunities in this promising area of study.
Hussain et al. (2025) studied this question.