Abstract. This article introduces an urban digital twin workflow based on OGC standards and newly developed Energy ADE 2.0 that integrates building-scale simulations from SimStadt with district-level assessments using MAPED, connected through interactive web-based visualisation. This approach delivers a modular, open-source pipeline that harmonises multi-scale energy data and enables data-driven scenario analysis and stakeholder engagement in support of net-positive energy planning for urban districts. By connecting detailed simulation tools with standardised, spatially linked data models, the study advances the methodological foundation for assessing Positive Energy Districts (PED) using digital technologies and provides a practical decision-support system for planners and policy-makers involved in sustainable urban transformation.
Padsala et al. (2025) studied this question.