Abstract This study investigates the development of resilience in college students through the Behavioral-Cognitive-Emotional (BCE) framework, which conceptualizes resilience as an interactive and adaptive process shaped by behavioral patterns, cognitive processes, and emotional experiences. The research aims to assess how this model fosters healthy growth and to identify key internal and external factors influencing resilience. Employing a quantitative research design, survey data were collected from 2,580 students admitted in 2022 and 2023 across 24 public colleges in Qingdao. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Quantile Regression models were utilized to examine the effects of behavioral, cognitive, and emotional dimensions on resilience across varying levels.. The findings reveal that the three domains—behavioral, cognitive, and emotional—exert significant influences on resilience, with their effects varying across resilience quantiles. Students exhibiting stronger cognitive awareness and emotional regulation demonstrated greater adaptability and stress management capabilities. Furthermore, personal, familial, school, and societal factors were identified as shaping resilience development. The BCE framework offers a holistic approach that enhances students’ internal stability, self-awareness, and capacity to cope effectively with academic and life challenges. Overall, the study highlights the need for comprehensive, multidimensional strategies to foster resilience in educational contexts, thereby contributing to the psychological well-being and personal growth of college students.
Luo Guangli (2025) studied this question.