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Floods are one of the most frequent and destructive natural hazards in the world. Early warning and flood monitoring is beneficial in the response and preparedness for this hazard. This paper presents a novel, low-cost flood monitoring system for disaster prevention, based on a pressure sensor. The system comprises a state-of-the-art microcontroller, a pressure sensor, and a security element. It is connected to an Internet of Things (IoT) cloud service, allowing for further data processing, interaction, and storage. The sensor data is processed to provide real-time flood measurements. The calibration data obtained from the designed system demonstrates a linear correlation between the water level and the sensor output. Additionally, the system was able to provide flood level measurements with an average error of 4.08% using the calibration equation, whereas a 4.40% error was obtained when using theoretical equations to determine the flood height.
Dublin et al. (2024) studied this question.