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Abstract: As autonomous vehicles (AVs) become increasingly integrated into transportation systems, ensuring their cybersecurity has emerged as a critical challenge. This comprehensive article examines the complex landscape of AV cybersecurity, focusing on the unique vulnerabilities arising from integrating advanced sensors, artificial intelligence, and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems. We analyze potential attack vectors, including sensor spoofing, communication system breaches, and software vulnerabilities. We also evaluate state-of-the-art defense mechanisms such as encryption protocols, intrusion detection systems, and AI-based security solutions. The article also addresses the regulatory frameworks and industry standards shaping AV cybersecurity practices. By synthesizing current research, industry reports, and case studies, we provide insights into emerging threats and defense strategies, highlighting the need for a holistic approach to security in AV design and development. This article contributes to the ongoing dialogue on AV safety and reliability, offering valuable perspectives for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders in navigating the evolving cybersecurity challenges in autonomous transportation.
Spandana Sagam (2024) studied this question.