Physical Exercise as Medicine in Chronic Diseases During Childhood and Adolescence

Background: Engaging in physical activity (PA) and physical exercise (PE) enhances overall quality of life, reduces the risk of developing diseases in healthy children and adolescents, and can be used as a treatment for chronic disorders commonly found in childhood. Objectives: This article examines the current scientific evidence and provides updated advice for professionals in children's health. It emphasizes the importance of understanding how to prescribe physical exercise and physical activity for various pediatric conditions. Methods: A review of the current literature and scientific evidence regarding the effects of PA and PE on children's health was conducted. Recommendations from the Association of Pediatrics, via the Health Promotion Committee, were also considered. Results: PA and PE, when used as medications, can help mitigate the adverse effects of a sedentary lifestyle and inactivity, which contribute to the development of various diseases. A substantial increase in physical activity levels should accompany efforts to reduce inactivity in children and adolescents. Integrated training programs that enhance overall neuromuscular fitness and improve physical, cognitive, and psychosocial performance are essential. Conclusions: The Health Promotion Committee of the Association of Pediatrics suggests implementing ways to enhance the health of patients by promoting physical education (PE) and increasing physical activity (PA). Efforts to reduce inactivity and promote PA and PE are crucial in improving the overall health and well-being of children and adolescents.