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Exclusive C=+1 scalar, axial-vector, and tensor quarkonium production in high-energy electron-proton scattering requires a C-odd t-channel exchange of a photon or a three gluon ladder. We derive the expressions for the corresponding amplitudes. The relative phase of the photon vs. three gluon exchange amplitudes is determined by the sign of the light-front matrix element of the eikonal color current operator d^abcJ^+aJ^+bJ^+c at moderate x, and is not affected by small-x QCD evolution. Model calculations predict constructive interference, which is particularly strong for momentum transfer |t| 1~GeV² where the cross section for ₂₉ production exceeds that for pure photon exchange by up to a factor of 4. We find that exclusive ₂₉ electroproduction at the Electron-Ion Collider should occur with well measurable rates and measurements of these processes should allow to find an evidence of the perturbative Odderon exchange. We also compute the total electroproduction cross section as a function of energy and provide first estimates of the number of ₂₉ events per month at the Electron-Ion Collider design luminosity.
Benić et al. (2024) studied this question.