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The SMART goal approach (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound) can provide a robust tool within the complex field of science diplomacy. In this manuscript we present an overview of the SMART goal approach in the context of science diplomacy and compare the approach with other strategic frameworks like Theory of Change or Systems Thinking, Results-Based Management (RBM), KPIs/Scorecards, and SWOT Analysis. We present the adaptation of the SMART goal approach, originally a business management tool, to science diplomacy, highlighting the suitability for setting clear, achievable, and measurable objectives. The manuscript details each element of SMART goals demonstrating their application in science diplomacy with practical examples. The integration of SMART goals in diplomatic practices is argued to enhance effectiveness, clarity in communication, and better outcomes in international relations.
Lee E. Voth‐Gaeddert (2024) studied this question.