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Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is a promising metal additive manufacturing technology based on layer by layer powder spreading, and powder bed uniformity has a great influence on the forming quality. By Discrete Element Method and powder spreading experiment, the interaction and movement between powder were studied during powder spreading, including powder jamming, rebound, splash, eddy, and empty powder area. Additionally, five kinds of powder spreading schemes were explored, and the new process of one-way reciprocating with tri-splint blade was designed to change the motion state of powder spreading from “blade pushing powder” to “blade holding powder.” By increasing the distance between the blade and the working platform form 0 to 20 µm with the distance between the upper surface of the substrate and the working platform 50 µm, defects such as powder splash and empty powder decreased. And the uniform powder bed of aluminum alloy powder was achieved with the new process of one-way reciprocating with tri-splint blade structure.
Lu et al. (2024) studied this question.