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Abstract Understanding the characteristics of landslides produced by rainfall and soil humidity is critical for reducing the occurrence of landslides. Extreme rain, as an external impact, has been suggested to play a role in landslide development. Many people were killed in a landslide that occurred in the Banjarnegara Regency on June 18, 2016, which was unexpected because June is not Indonesia’s rainy season. El Niño and La Niña events were observed in Indonesia in 2015-2016. The initial hypothesis is that such extreme rain conditions caused this landslide. This study aims to apply an alternative approach to detecting landslides by monitoring soil moisture and rainfall with remote sensing data during extreme events. An analysis of precipitation and moisture data has been carried out before the event and is associated with the El Niño and La Niña phenomena. The findings indicate that the natural environment of Banjarnegara Regency is unique. Landslides occur even during the extreme dry season. Rain still drops, and soil moisture is high. The impact of local variables is more significant than regional conditions. They are still at risk of a landslide during the El Niño phase. During that stage, Banjarnegara Regency’s potential landslide area would continue to be observed. Monitoring needs to be carried out rapidly, with a high level of spatial and temporal resolution. It is possible to resolve it using IMERG and SMAP data.
Lestiana et al. (2024) studied this question.