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This article examines the EU's rise in international politics. It examines how the EU uses proportionality, subsidiarity, and attribution to maximize its global influence through its organizational architecture and power distribution. Complex interdependence and soft power theories are used to understand the EU's global governance impact. The EU plays a major role in setting international norms and policies, showing its ability to influence global dynamics despite internal differences that might prevent its consolidation as a superpower.
Lecca et al. (2024) studied this question.