From chisels to lasers: a narrative of history of dentistry in the Indo-Pak Subcontinent

The research highlights the rich heritage of dentistry in the Indian subcontinent and the diverse influences that have shaped its evolution. The roots of dentistry can be traced back to the inhabitants of the Indo-Pak subcontinent at Mehrgarh where the earliest evidence of dental practices was found. By analyzing the methods of the primitive tooth-pullers to those of modern-day specialists, this study delves deep into the influence of Ayurveda, Unani medicine, colonialism, and global exchanges on the field of dentistry.The study begins with the analysis of Ayurvedic records which document early dental procedures and the use of herbal remedies for oral diseases followed by the exploration of colonialism and the effect of Western medicine on shaping oral health practices. The dual system of healthcare prevailed due to the incorporation of traditional and modern medicine. Furthermore, the key milestones are discussed. Alongside the developments, the study also discusses the challenges faced in achieving those developments and the initiatives launched that aimed at improving the quality of care provided. Patterns that led to the development of dentistry can be recognized which will help in further improvement.In conclusion, the transition of dentistry from primitive practices to modern procedures is mainly due to the interaction between tradition and modernization. The findings of the paper underscore the need for improvement in research standards and a greater focus on public health by adopting both, traditional and modern-day medicine.