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For annular (circular and elliptical) and hexagonal exit pupils with any optical path differences (described by Zernike Polynomials), it was proven Appl. Opt. 61 , 1876 ( 2022 ) APOPAI 0003-6935 10.1364/AO.449270 ; Appl. Opt. 61 , C20 ( 2022 ) APOPAI 0003-6935 10.1364/AO.435850 that the border of any spot diagram is composed of the caustic surface and/or marginal rays. In this paper, the previous results are extended to segmented (by hexagons or trapezoids) exit pupils. Examples with exact spherical, coma, and astigmatism aberrations are included, while a mathematical demonstration is also included.
Cordero-Dávila et al. (2024) studied this question.