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The paper explores the prospects of utilizing geothermal energy within the context of renewable energy development and the transition to a "green" economy. The authors emphasize the importance of reducing carbon emissions and climate change through decreasing fossil fuel usage. Special attention is given to geothermal technologies, including geothermal temperature gradients and their role in producing thermal energy for heating and cooling. The main types of heat pumps, including absorption and compression systems, their operating principles, and application in various conditions, as well as the impact of geological and tectonic conditions on the efficiency of geothermal systems, are discussed. The authors also analyze the use of artificial intelligence to optimize the management and distribution of geothermal energy, discuss load forecasting, and the possibilities of "smart grids". In conclusion, it is emphasized that heat pumps are an effective, environmentally friendly, and economical solution for heating and hot water supply systems, with a focus on the importance of choosing the right heat pumps and heat sources for specific projects.
Pavlov et al. (2024) studied this question.