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Myofibroma is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm frequently observed in the head-neck region. It is mostly reported as congenital forms in newborns and acquired in early childhood. Adolescents and adults are less likely to experience it. Myofibromas in the oral cavity is uncommon, and differential diagnosis must be made with various benign and malignant neoplasms of the oral mucosa either high or low grade. Histologically, myofibroma exhibits a biphasic development pattern, with elongated spindle cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm on the edges and polygonal cells grouped in a palisading pattern with hyperchromatic nuclei in the middle. The diagnosis of myofibroma is generally established through immunohistochemistry, which shows positivity for actin smooth muscle antibodies (α- SMA) and negative for keratin, S-100, and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) antibodies. The treatment is surgical, and the prognosis is generally favorable, with minimal recurrence following excision. Herein, we present a case of myofibroma in the gingiva of the right lingual molar region of a 34-year-old male patient, describing the diagnosis and the therapeutic strategy through a literature review.
MEDINI et al. (2024) studied this question.