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This paper presents the design and optimization of a microstrip patch antenna for 5G wireless applications operating at 28 GHz. The antenna was constructed using a Rogers RT/duroid 5880(tm) substrate material with a thickness of 0.5 mm and a dielectric constant (ϵ r of 2.2) and analyzed using an HFSS and CST simulator. The principal objective of this study is to enhance antenna characteristics, encompassing bandwidth, gain, and radiation patterns. Furthermore, this study aimed to determine the optimal substrate height to maximize the antenna's bandwidth by utilizing advanced artificial intelligence optimization methods with the HFSS simulator. This approach is crucial to meet the requirements of high-speed, low-latency communication inherent in 5G networks. The methodology employed for enhancing the bandwidth involves systematically varying the substrate height from 0.1 mm to 0.6 mm.
Salem et al. (2024) studied this question.
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