From Jin to Qing Dynasty of China, there are a large number of novels depicting human-ghost romance. In this literature, female images, femininity and gender relationship patterns reflect the patriarchal values of a specific historical period. Previous research on ancient Chinese female ghost novels often focused on their romantic story with a male human and the awakening consciousness of female, but the research on Character depiction of female ghost was very few. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the relationship between the image shaping of female ghosts and the values of contemporary Chinese ancient patriarchal society, existing in the stories of the ancient Chinese romances novels of Song, Yuan and Ming dynasty. Studies have suggested that the female ghosts in ancient Chinese "human-ghost romance" novels are essentially projections of the male author's ideals, reflecting the phallocentrism of ancient Chinese ghost fiction.
Hanwen Ye (2024) studied this question.