Vocabulary Learning Strategies of English as a Foreign/Second Language

English has become the most widely spoken language in the world, and memorizing vocabulary is a fundamental step in acquiring this language. Many English as a foreign language (EFL)/English as a second language (ESL) learners have difficulty remembering new words, so vocabulary learning strategies are studied globally. This literature review examined international research across ages and discussed three learning strategies: the keyword method, pictorial association, and the mind-mapping method. Results suggested that the three learning strategies effectively improved students vocabulary recall and retention, and learning strategies help EFL/ESL learners with vocabulary studies.