Lattice Architectures for Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting

Tapping on waste heat for green electricity is a welcomed goal, especially in an energy-scarce era. For more than 200 years, the optimization of thermoelectric modules has been through either materials efficiency or device topology (fill factor, aspect ratio, etc.). Now, there is a pressing need for a re-examination of its design for higher power performance modules. Specifically, there have been recent reports on the potential of leg geometries for increased output power, but progress is hampered by current leg fabrication methods. In this Perspective, we offer a fresh take on how lattice architectural thermoelectric legs are a cost-effective strategy that can drastically improve power output. We will discuss the extent to which lightweight lattice legs can improve output power and the trade-offs with mechanical performance and conclude with strategies to realize them for industrial applications.