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This research began in October 2022 and continued until December 2023. During this period, four sites along the Tigris River within Saladin Governorate were selected. It was observed that the lead element accumulated in the roots of the reeds (Phragmites) exceeded the overall green biomass of the plant significantly. Specifically, for the second station in February, the lead concentration reached 1.127 milligrams per liter. Statistical analysis indicates significant differences in monthly averages and station averages across the study sites
Alwan et al. (2024) studied this question.