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This paper argues that Frances E. W. Harper's newspaper serial novel "Minnie's Sacrifice" served as the public sphere of print for the African American community. The novel not only delineates the virtues essential for Black citizens by portraying the stories and endeavors of its characters in enhancing the race, but also serves as a rallying point within Black newspapers, fostering a shared sense of identity among Black individuals facing similar trials and tribulations. This sense of belonging is not a mere collective consciousness portraying passive victimhood; rather, it plays a role in recognizing and imagining oneself as a collective agent for transformative practices. Emphasizing that Minnie
Woori Han (2024) studied this question.
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