Ameliorative effects of Punica granatum juice and Bee pollen against hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity induced by monosodium glutamate in adult male albino rats.

Introduction: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a worldwide consuming food additive that has been shown to be health hazardous, especially, on the Liver and kidneys that among the most vital body organs.Aim of the study: Evaluation the possible ameliorative effects of Punica granatum juice (PJ) and Bee pollen (BP) against MSG hepatic and renal biochemical and histological disorders.Materials and Methods: 30 adult male albino rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n= 6 each). In the 1st (normal) group, rats were orally received distilled water for 10 weeks. All the other groups were orally received MSG (2.4g/kg b.w.) daily for 4 weeks. After that the 3rd group was orally received PJ (4ml/kg b.w.), the 4th group was orally received BP (200mg/kg b.w.) and the 5th group was orally received PJ (4ml/kg b.w.) + BP (200mg/kg b.w.) daily for 6 weeks. Blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical assays and histopathological studies. Results: Biochemically, MSG caused significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) serum levels, significant decrease in serum albumin and total protein, and significant increase in serum total Cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). However, high density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly decreased. Also, serum creatinine, urea and uric acid were significantly increased. Besides, oxidative damage evidenced by significant reductions in the hepatic and renal total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and significant increase in their malondialdehyde (MDA) levels was reported. Histopathologically, MSG caused severe hepatic and renal alterations. Contrarily, all the mentioned disorders were alleviated after PJ and BP administration.Conclusion: MSG caused hazardous effects on the liver and kidneys. However, the use of PJ and BP ameliorated these toxic effects in the mentioned parameters.