On the Economic Structure, Labor Use and Adaptation of Former Soviet Citizens Who Moved in a Planned Manner from the PRC to Kazakhstan in 1954–1963

The article discusses with the issues of household management, labor use and adaptation of repatriates from the People's Republic of China during the campaign for the development of fallow and virgin lands in Kazakhstan.The campaign itself became a major socio-political event, the main goal of which was to resolve the food issue.It expressed in the development of grain production in Kazakhstan, in which D.A. Kunaev played an important role as Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR, then as the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan (1960Kazakhstan ( -1962)).From the moment of its inception, the Soviet economic system was focused on strengthening the position of the state and solved modernization problems exclusively using emergency methods.The state tried to solve the economic problems of the 1950s and 1960s through an industrial breakthrough and a policy of developing virgin and fallow lands carried out using administrative management methods, which led to an increase in the workforce in all areas of production in the republic.The replenishment of the labor force for work in state farms and collective farms of the republic was supposed to be carried out through planned resettlement from different regions of the USSR, as well as the reception of immigrants from China.The leadership of Kazakhstan was forced to solve problems associated with the distribution of the population throughout the republic, based on the priorities of geopolitics and solving economic problems of developing virgin lands, filling industrial facilities with labor and minimizing ethno-demographic risks.Since the population arriving in Kazakhstan had a variegated ethnic and social composition, in general, the migration of the Kazakh population and other ethnic groups from China to the republic was very difficult.To ensure reliability and completeness, the topic covered in the article is considered on the basis of documents from the state archives of Kazakhstan.