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Due to the global water crisis, there is a strong need for real-time water quality monitoring with high temporal and spatial resolutions. This article presents an economical multiparameter water quality monitoring system for continuous monitoring of fresh waters. It is based on a sensor node that integrates turbidity, temperature, and conductivity sensors, a miniature 18-channel spectrophotometer, and a sensor for the detection of thermotolerant coliforms, which is a major novelty of the system. Due to the influence of water impurities on the measurement of thermotolerant coliforms, a heuristic method has been developed to mitigate this effect. Moreover, the sensor is low power, and with an integrated long-range wide-area network module, it comprises a system that is wireless sensor network ready and can send data to a dedicated server. In addition, the system is submersible, capable of long-term field operation, and significantly cheaper in comparison to existing solutions. The purpose of the system is to give early warning of incidental pollution situations, thus enabling authorities to take action regarding further prevention of such occasions.
Krklješ et al. (2024) studied this question.