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BiFeO3 nano-ceramics were synthesized using the low-temperature molten salt synthesis route to study the influence of calcination temperature and salt ratios. The Rietveld refinement revealed the distorted perovskite structure of BFO. These granular-shaped BFO samples' grains morphology was studied using the FESEM. The FTIR revealed the presence of Metal-Oxygen bonds in the BFO ceramics. The XPS studies exhibited the respective constituent elements' oxidation states and validated the presence of oxygen ion vacancies. The frequency-dependent dielectric properties were measured at various temperatures. The electrical conductivity measurement showed a linear variation as a function of frequency which validated Jonscher's power law.
Jahangeer et al. (2024) studied this question.