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Relationships between land use and water quality of rivers and lakes vary spatially and temporally. These variations were analyzed using spatial analysis and mathematical statistical methods for the Suzhou Creek in Shanghai. Based on the data of water quality and land use in 2001， 2005， 2010， 2015， and 2020， five spatial scales （200， 500， 1 000， 2 000， and 5 000 m reach buffer） of the landscape pattern were extracted using correlation and redundancy analysis to explore the impact of land use composition and spatial pattern on water quality at different spatial and temporal scales. The results showed that： ① the water quality of Suzhou Creek has gradually improved in the past 20 years； other indicators were between Class II to Class IV in 2020 except TN， and TN was the main pollutant. ② The main land use type of the buffer zone was construction land， and the proportion of greenland and woodland showed a small growth trend. ③ The water quality was closely related to landscape pattern， showing temporal and spatial scale effects. On the time scale， indicators such as construction land， agricultural land， landscape dominance， aggregation， and diversity had significant correlations with various water quality parameters， and there was an inverse correlation in 2010 compared with that in other years for NH
Tan et al. (2024) studied this question.