MHD Hybrid Nanofluids Flow Through Porous Stretching Surface in the Presence of Thermal Radiation and Chemical Reaction

This study investigates the convective transport of heat and mass in a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid flow over a permeable, electrically actuated stretching surface embedded in a porous medium. The analysis incorporates key physical effects including thermal radiation, heat generation, viscosity dissipation, and chemical reactions. The governing equations are formulated to account for the influence of porosity, magnetic fields, thermal and concentration gradients, as well as chemical kinetics. Special attention is given to the control of nanoparticle volume fraction at the boundary interface. Two nanofluid models – Copper–Water (Cu–H₂O) and Aluminum Oxide–Water (Al₂O₃–H₂O)—are considered to assess thermal performance. The nonlinear boundary value problem is solved numerically using a shooting technique combined with a fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. The results show excellent agreement with previously published data, validating the accuracy and robustness of the present model. These findings have potential applications in advanced heat transfer systems, such as cooling technologies and materials processing.