We present a new paradigm of quantum reality in which classical particles interact deterministically with quantized electromagnetic fields embedded in a causal lattice spacetime. These interactions induce discrete momentum transfers that account for the dot-like buildup of double-slit interference fringes, the bi-fringe outcomes of the Stern–Gerlach experiment, and the correlations observed in entanglement tests. Within this framework, which provides a non-local hidden variable mechanism, naturally leads to the emergence of Heisenberg uncertainty, de Broglie duality, and the Dirac equation as natural consequences of causal field dynamics, rather than as postulated axioms. The model further provides experimentally testable predictions—including momentum-transfer sidebands and the temperature dependence of the Casimir force—that distinguish it from both the Copenhagen interpretation and more recent alternatives. By grounding quantum phenomena in causal field–particle interactions, this paradigm reproduces the experimental dot-like features in double-slit interference and Stern-Gerlach fringes. Thus, it offers a transparent and physically consistent alternative to the Copenhagen interpretation, achieving the completeness that Einstein argued was missing from conventional theory.
Jau Tang (2025) studied this question.