The recent detection of the neutrino event KM3-230213A (~220 PeV) by the KM3NeT/ARCA telescope, the most energetic ever observed, could represent the long-awaited evidence for a cosmogenic origin, arising from the interaction of an ultra-high-energy cosmic ray with background photons. Its secure confirmation would mark a major advance in high-energy astrophysics. We perform a self-consistent multimessenger transport calculation of protons and their secondary γ-rays and neutrinos from cosmologically evolving sources, confronting predictions with data from the Pierre Auger Observatory, IceCube, KM3NeT, and the Fermi-LAT isotropic γ-ray background. A steep sub-ankle proton component saturates the diffuse γ-ray background and is disfavoured, whereas a hard proton spectrum extending beyond 10^20~eV with evolution (1+z) ³ reproduces KM3-230213A without violating any limits. This scenario requires a proton fraction 10\% at 3 10^19~eV and excludes faster-evolving sources. Joint UHE-neutrino and γ-ray observations thus sharpen constraints on extragalactic cosmic-ray sources and set targets for AugerPrime and next-generation neutrino telescopes.
Cermenati et al. (2025) studied this question.