The rapid development of digital technology has prompted organizations to transform in terms of work culture, leadership, and human resource management. In the midst of these demands, there are still many organizations that face challenges in adapting to change, especially in improving employee performance. This research aims to analyze the influence of organizational culture, digital literacy, and transformational leadership on employee performance, considering the mediating role of job satisfaction and work behavior. This research was conducted at two institutions, namely PT Astra International Tbk and MNC University, which represent the industrial and education sectors. Using a quantitative approach and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis technique, this research involved 265 respondents selected through purposive sampling. The results of the research show that organizational culture has a positive effect on job satisfaction, digital literacy has a significant effect on employee performance, and transformational leadership encourages positive work behavior. In addition, job satisfaction and work behavior have also been shown to significantly mediate the relationship between organizational variables and employee performance. These findings strengthen the theory of Organizational Culture and Transformational Leadership, and affirm the importance of developing an adaptive culture, visionary leadership, and digital competencies in improving organizational performance in the era of digital transformation.
Prajogi et al. (2025) studied this question.