Indian foreign policy has shifted from non-alignment during the Cold War to strategic autonomy in the post-Cold War era, and now, to multi-alignment. Modi’s foreign policy represents continuity more than change, with redoubled efforts to cultivate a diverse network of partnerships and collaborators. This strategy has enabled India to balance relations with Russia, China and the United States (US), while diversifying partnerships to navigate an increasingly volatile world order. Given this scenario, key questions remain. How much will Russia contribute to India’s present and future priorities as a rising power? What limits are there to this new rapprochement with China? And how far can India actually trust the US?
Patrizia Cogo Morales (2025) studied this question.