The Government of India has emphasised the importance of Farmer-Producer Organisations (FPOs) as an institutional innovation for empowering small and marginal farmers. In this context, studies on existing FPOs would provide valuable insights to support the government’s policy priorities. Therefore, a study was conducted in Odisha with 245 farmers to identify the determinants of FPO membership and assess its economic impact. Data were collected through personal interviews with respondents from the ‘Kandha’ tribe, who cultivated the Geographical Indication (GI) tagged ‘Kandhamal Haladi (turmeric)’. The determinants of membership were analysed using a logistic regression model, and the impact was assessed through the Regression Adjustment (RA) estimator. Results revealed that the determinants of membership were extension agency contact, credit source, associate membership, and house type. There was a significant positive impact of membership on price realisation and farmers' income. However, production performance was not significantly impacted. Therefore, providing better extension and advisory services, capacity-building for members, and high-quality inputs and services is necessary to enhance their productivity and help them reap greater benefits from FPOs. Keywords: Determinants of membership, farmer-producer organisations, impact assessment, regression adjustment. JEL Codes: D02, J54, Q00, Q02, Q13
A 2025 study studied this question.