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December 19, 20250 citationsOpen Access

The EBLM project XVI. Moderate spin-orbit misalignment of the low mass eclipsing binary EBLM J0021-16

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BSBecca SpejcherDMDavid V. MartinJPJake Pandina

Key Points

  • To measure the spin-orbit misalignment of the binary EBLM J0021-16 and understand its tidal evolution.
  • Utilized Rossiter-McLaughlin effect to measure obliquity
  • Combined CORALIE spectroscopy and TESS photometry
  • Determined primary star rotation period through star spot modulation
  • Measured true 3D obliquity of EBLM J0021-16 as 28.9±2.1 degrees
  • EBLM J0021-16 shows a circular orbit but is not spin-orbit aligned
  • Derived the mass of the M-dwarf with fractional precision better than 1%

Abstract

Thousands of tight (<1 AU) main sequence binaries have been discovered, but it is uncertain how they formed. There is likely too much angular momentum in a collapsing, fragmenting protostellar cloud to form such binaries in situ, suggesting some post processing. One probe of a binary's dynamical history is the angle between the stellar spin and orbital axes -- its obliquity. The classical method for determining stellar obliquity is the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect. It has been applied to over 100 hot Jupiters, but less than a dozen stellar binaries. In this paper, we present the Rossiter-McLaughlin measurement of EBLM J0021-16, a 0. 19M_ M-dwarf eclipsing a 1. 05M_ G-dwarf on a 5. 97 day, almost-circular orbit. We combine CORALIE spectroscopy with TESS photometry and a measured primary star rotation period of 7. 04 days, according to star spot modulation. We show that the orbital axis is misaligned with the primary star's spin axis, with a true 3D obliquity of ψ=28. 92. 1^. EBLM J0021-16, being neither spin-orbit aligned nor synchronized, yet with an almost circular orbit, is a curious case for tidal evolution in tight binaries. It becomes one of a handful of eclipsing binaries with true obliquity measurements. Finally, we derive the M-dwarf's mass and radius to a fractional precision better than 1\%. The radius of the M-dwarf is inflated by 6\% (7. 4σ) with respect to stellar models, consistent with many other M-dwarfs in the literature.

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Cite This Study

Spejcher et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69449a892f0218eca9508512https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.21517
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