Physical activity (PA) is essential for public health, yet socioeconomic disparities persist. This study explores the impact of occupational prestige—measured by the International Standard Classification of Occupations Prestige Scale (SIOPS)—and intergenerational family capital on PA engagement among Chinese adults. Additionally, it examines whether government policy interventions can alleviate these inequalities. Method: Using data from the 2021 China General Social Survey (n = 623) and provincial statistical yearbooks, an ordered logistic regression model assessed the influence of individual and family SIOPS scores on weekly PA duration. Government funding for sports infrastructure was tested as a moderating factor through interaction terms. To address endogeneity, instrumental variable regression (IV-2SLS) was used with parental education as an instrument for SIOPS. (1) Occupational Prestige: Higher SIOPS scores were positively associated with PA participation (β = 0.502, 95% CI 0.45–0.55, p < 0.001), reflecting economic and cultural advantages. (2) Intergenerational Influence: Family SIOPS significantly PA participation (β = 0.091, p < 0.001), highlighting the role of social networks and educational transmission. (3) Policy Moderation: Government funding effectively reduced socioeconomic disparities (p = 0.014). In underdeveloped regions, a 1% increase in funding PA inequality by 2.15-fold (p < 0.05). Socioeconomic status and intergenerational capital jointly shape PA behaviors, reinforcing existing inequalities. Targeted policies—such as expanding access to sports facilities and fostering PA-friendly cultures—can enhance equity. Future research should investigate long-term trends and extend interventions to underserved rural communities.
Mingzhe Li (2026) studied this question.