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January 18, 2026Journal of Mathematics0 citationsOpen Access

Stability, Bifurcation, and Chaos Control in a Discrete‐Time Predator–Prey Model With Gompertz Growth and Ivlev Functional Response Under Proportional Harvesting

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SASaad Jamhan AldosariRARehan AhmedWSWaseem Abbas Shah

Key Points

  • The aim is to explore the stability, bifurcations, and chaos control of a discrete-time predator-prey model with harvesting effects.
  • Developed a discrete-time predator-prey model using forward Euler discretization.
  • Established conditions for biological feasibility by ensuring positivity of solutions.
  • Analyzed the existence and stability of fixed points, focusing on the interior fixed point.
  • Performed bifurcation analysis to identify types of bifurcations and transitions to chaotic behavior.
  • Applied feedback and hybrid control strategies to manage chaos.
  • Identified Neimark–Sacker and period-doubling bifurcations indicating transitions to chaotic dynamics.
  • Showed effective suppression of chaos and stabilization through control strategies.
  • Revealed complex dynamics such as quasi-periodic oscillations and strange attractors.
  • Established that moderate harvesting promotes stability, while excessive harvesting risks system collapse.

Abstract

This paper investigates the complex dynamics of a discrete‐time predator–prey system incorporating proportionate prey harvesting. The model is derived from a continuous system using the forward Euler discretization method and extends a previously studied model by introducing a harvesting term. First, the positivity of solutions is established to ensure biological feasibility of the discretized system. We analyze the existence and local stability of biologically feasible fixed points, with particular focus on the interior fixed point. Through rigorous bifurcation analysis, we identify both Neimark–Sacker and period‐doubling bifurcations, revealing transitions from stable equilibria to periodic and chaotic behavior. To manage these complex dynamics, we apply feedback control and hybrid control strategies, both of which are shown to effectively suppress bifurcation‐induced chaos and stabilize the system. Numerical simulations are provided to validate the theoretical results and illustrate rich dynamical behavior, including quasi‐periodic oscillations and strange attractors. Moreover, Codimension 2 bifurcations are identified, including 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 resonance bifurcations that provide a clear explanation of the transition routes to complex dynamics in the model. The findings emphasize that a moderate level of harvesting can promote coexistence and stability of both prey and predator populations, whereas excessive harvesting may destabilize or collapse the system.

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Cite This Study

Aldosari et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/696c774feb60fb80d13958dbhttps://doi.org/10.1155/jom/2568891
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