The Zwicky Transient Facility Data Release 2 (ZTF DR2) includes a total of 3, 628 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), providing the largest and most complete sample of spectroscopically confirmed SNe Ia at low redshift to date. In this paper, we present a photometric and spectroscopic analysis of 124 subluminous SNe Ia, the largest sample of spectroscopically classified subluminous Type Ia supernova observed with a single instrument, comprising 87 91bg-like, 12 86G-like, 18 04gs-like, and 7 02es-like events. We complement the published DR2 light-curve parameters with new parameters obtained using template-based fits from. We measured the expansion velocities and pseudo-equivalent widths (pEW) of key spectral features using. Next, the spectral averages were constructed for each subluminous subtype, binned by phase. We also analyzed the host galaxy environments, both global and local, in terms of g - z color, stellar mass, and directional light radius (dDLR). We found that all subluminous SNe Ia (except the 02es-like subtype) are intrinsically red. This is made evident when we separate the extrinsic color components from intrinsic ones. Since has not been trained on subluminous SNe Ia, it compensates for their redder colors by inflating the c parameter, thereby extending the luminosity-width relation to negative values of x1. As expected, all subluminous SNe Ia fall within the cool region of the Branch et al. (2006) diagram, with the exception of 02es-like events, which display lower łambda5972 pEW values. All subluminous subtypes tend to occur in more massive, redder host galaxies and in the reddest local environments within their stellar mass bins. Notably, 91bg- and 86G-like SNe Ia explode at significantly larger normalized galactocentric distances. Finally, we identified the pEW of the blended + + absorption feature at 4300 Å, along with sBV, as robust and sufficient indicators for subclassifying subluminous SNe Ia. SALT2 SNooPy Spextractor SALT2 Si ii Ti ii Si ii Mg ii
Alburai et al. (2026) studied this question.