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January 18, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Correction: Benchmarking quantum annealing with maximum cardinality matching problems

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DVDaniel VertMWMadita WillschBYBerat Yenilen

Key Points

  • This research aims to evaluate the efficiency of quantum annealing compared to simulated annealing for maximum cardinality matching problems.
  • Benchmarked quantum annealing against simulated annealing.
  • Focused on the embedding of problems on D-Wave topologies.
  • Simulated the quantum annealing process numerically using the Schrödinger equation.
  • Embedded problems are significantly more difficult than unembedded ones.
  • Chain strength parameters affect the quality of solutions considerably.
  • Simulated annealing performs well on unembedded problems but poorly on embedded ones compared to quantum annealing results.

Abstract

We benchmark Quantum Annealing (QA) vs. Simulated Annealing (SA) witha focus on the impact of the embedding of problems onto the differenttopologies of the D-Wave quantum annealers. The series of problems we studyare especially designed instances of the maximum cardinality matching problemthat are easy to solve classically but difficult for SA and, as found experimentally,not easy for QA either. In addition to using several D-Wave processors, wesimulate the QA process by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödingerequation. We find that the embedded problems can be significantly moredifficult than the unembedded problems, and some parameters, such as thechain strength, can be very impactful for finding the optimal solution. Thus,finding a good embedding and optimal parameter values can improve theresults considerably. Interestingly, we find that although SA succeeds for theunembedded problems, the SA results obtained for the embedded versionscale quite poorly in comparison with what we can achieve on the D-Wavequantum annealers.

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Cite This Study

Vert et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/696c7791eb60fb80d1395cc9https://doi.org/10.34734/fzj-2026-00542
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