This study aims to examine the influence of networking capabilities and transformational organizational characteristics on digital adoption, as well as its impact on port performance at container ports in Indonesia. This study also analyzes the mediating role of digital adoption in the relationship between organizational capabilities and port performance. The study uses an explanatory design with a quantitative approach through a survey method. Data were collected using structured questionnaires from 103 container ports throughout Indonesia with respondents being decision makers and core port function managers, namely General Managers or Operations Managers or Marketing Manag-ers if the General Manager was not available. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling with a Partial Least Squares approach through SmartPLS. The results of the study indicate that networking and transformational organizational capabilities have a significant effect on digital adoption, and digital adoption has a significant effect on port performance. This study also found that digital adoption significantly mediates the relationship between transformational organization and port performance. However, this study does not prove that digital adoption mediates the influence of net-working capability on port performance.
Pramitra et al. (2026) studied this question.