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January 22, 2026Angewandte Chemie1 citations

Local Acidic Microenvironments Enhanced Anodic Formamide Electrosynthesis over Isolated Pd Sites

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BSBaian ShenMJMing JiangYLYaoxin Li

Key Points

  • The aim is to enhance the C─N coupling selectivity and Faradaic efficiency for formamide synthesis.
  • Employing isolated Pd single atoms on MnO2 nanoarrays
  • Assessing Faradaic efficiency and carbon selectivity during synthesis
  • Conducting in situ characterization and theoretical simulations to evaluate mechanisms
  • Achieved a Faradaic efficiency of 62.6%
  • Obtained carbon selectivity of 80.2% for anodic formamide synthesis
  • Demonstrated enhanced electrophilicity of *CH2O due to acidic microenvironment

Abstract

Abstract Electrocatalytic C─N oxidative coupling of methanol and ammonia enables sustainable formamide synthesis under ambient conditions. However, the poor C─N coupling selectivity and limited Faradaic efficiency hinder practical application. As the critical step involves nucleophilic attack of NH 3 on in situ generated *CH 2 O intermediates, enhancing *CH 2 O electrophilicity while suppressing over‐oxidation is essential. Herein, Pd single atoms anchored on MnO 2 nanoarrays achieve state‐of‐the‐art Faradaic efficiency (62.6%) and carbon selectivity (80.2%) for anodic formamide synthesis. In situ characterization and theoretical simulations reveal dual enhancement mechanisms: Isolated Pd sites adopt end‐on *CH 2 O adsorption to expose the electrophilic carbon, while the MnO 2 ‐induced acidic microenvironment enhances *CH 2 O electrophilicity via oxygen‐atom protonation. This synergy accelerates nucleophilic attack by NH 3 , enabling efficient C─N coupling.

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Cite This Study

Shen et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6971bdcf642b1836717e2798https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202521334
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