This study examined AI skills and competencies among librarians in 5IR libraries, with a specific focus on their knowledge of AI technologies, existing skills, required competencies, and the challenges hindering the acquisition and application of these capacities. A systematic literature review guided by the PRISMA framework was conducted. Peer-reviewed articles published between 2019 and 2025 were retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, LISA, and Google Scholar. Out of 457 initially identified records, 48 studies met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized for analysis. Findings reveal that librarians generally possess conceptual awareness of AI and recognize its potential for services such as cataloguing, discovery, and user engagement. However, practical mastery of AI tools, programming, and data analytics remains limited. Librarians exhibit strong competencies in information literacy, metadata management, and ethical awareness, but face challenges including outdated LIS curricula, inadequate professional development, insufficient infrastructure, ethical uncertainties, and staff anxiety about job displacement. These factors hinder the transition from awareness to practical application of AI in library operations. The study concludes that while librarians are increasingly aware of AI’s potential, significant gaps exist in technical, ethical, and strategic competencies required for 5IR libraries.
Oladokun et al. (2026) studied this question.