To address the therapeutic challenges of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), this study constructed a folic acid-targeted multifunctional nanoplatform, FA@MXene/CuO 2 /ASO. The platform was developed by modifying MXene with FA-PEGSH and subsequently loading it with CuO 2 and heat shock protein 90 antisense oligonucleotide (HSP90 ASO). Under 808 nm laser irradiation (1.0 W/cm 2 ), viability analysis of 4T1 cells yielded the following results: FA@MXene group (39%), FA@MXene/CuO 2 group (35.26%), and FA@MXene/CuO 2 /ASO group (15.17%). Experimental results demonstrate that within the constructed folic acid-targeted nanoplatform, folic acid directs materials to tumor sites, while HSP90 ASO effectively suppresses HSP90 expression and enhances tumor thermal sensitivity. The materials generate hydroxyl radicals in the acidic tumor microenvironment and achieve cancer cell destruction through mild photothermal effects under 808 nm laser irradiation. This nanosystem exhibits excellent targeting capability, biocompatibility, and outstanding photothermal performance, providing a novel highly effective and low-toxicity therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
Duan et al. (2026) studied this question.