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February 2, 20260 citationsOpen Access

The 2:1 Ratio Hiding in π

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EYEric Yaw

Key Points

  • The aim is to improve the geometric formula for pi by incorporating complete triangle geometry.
  • Extended previous formula by using the full geometry of an inscribed right triangle.
  • Combined sine and tangent in a 2:1 ratio to enhance accuracy.
  • Analyzed and tested the formula up to 2 million digits.
  • Cubic terms in the Taylor series cancel, reducing the leading error from θ³ to θ⁵.
  • The new formula delivers 4n + 7 correct decimal places and a minimum of 4n + 3.
  • No edge cases encountered during testing up to 2 million digits.

Abstract

This paper extends my previous geometric formula for π 1 by using the full geometry of an inscribed right triangle. My previous formula 1 relied on the small-angle approximation, which uses only the base of the inscribed triangle. This paper adds the tangent to complete the geometry by recovering the height. If I combine both the sine and the tangent in a 2:1 ratio, the cubic terms in the Taylor series cancel exactly. The leading error drops from θ³ to θ⁵. The formula is f(n) = 180 · 10ⁿ · 2sin(θ) + tan(θ)/3, where θ = π/(180 · 10ⁿ). It delivers 4n + 7 correct decimal places with a guaranteed minimum of 4n + 3. I tested it to 2 million digits without encountering an edge case.

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Cite This Study

Eric Yaw (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6980fc55c1c9540dea80e271https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18417753
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