The growing population, booming economy, the escalating urbanization, and the growth of the community living standards have highly contributed to the rapid increase in the generation of solid waste across various parts of the globe. The take-make-dispose model of linear economy has resulted in the colossal depletion of resources and destruction of the environment. To overcome these anxieties, the concept of the circular economy along with the use of zero waste plans will ensure good solutions to sustainable resources. The paper analyses the application of the zero waste movements, product lifecycle extension systems, recycling innovation, and industrial symbiosis as holistic schemes to waste management and the realization of the need to achieve the circular economy. This study reveals, based on a broad study on the practices of the world, technological innovations, and policy frameworks, how the principles of the circular economy can change the traditional waste management systems. According to the findings, the overall process of implementation necessitates the coordination of actions by the various stakeholders such as governments, industries, educational institutions, and communities. In addition, the research finds such critical success factors as environmental awareness, technological development, policy support, and behavioural change as the key factors to ensure the transition to zero waste circular systems.
Anyanwu et al. (2025) studied this question.