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February 2, 20260 citationsOpen Access

THE THERMODYNAMIC UNIVERSE: A Framework for Fractal Entropy Expansion (FEE) as an Alternative to Dark Energy

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IPIlija Petrovic

Key Points

  • The aim is to present the Fractal Entropy Expansion hypothesis as an alternative to dark energy and dark matter.
  • Review of the Standard Model of Cosmology and its limitations.
  • Application of the Landauer Principle in understanding information processing in the universe.
  • Analysis of cosmic structures using thermodynamics principles.
  • Propose that entropy generation drives local cosmic expansion.
  • Identify that voids experience accelerated expansion due to sparse matter.
  • Suggest that clusters create confining pressure affecting expansion rates.

Abstract

The current Standard Model of Cosmology (Lambda-CDM) relies on "Dark Energy" and "Dark Matter"—substances that constitute 95% of the universe yet remain undetected—to explain cosmic expansion and galactic dynamics. Furthermore, observational tensions (Hubble Tension) and anomalies (CMB Cold Spot) suggest systemic gaps in our understanding. This paper proposes the Fractal Entropy Expansion (FEE) hypothesis. We postulate that space-time is not a static container but the physical byproduct of information processing. Based on the Landauer Principle and the thermodynamics of dissipative structures, we argue that the universe expands locally as a function of entropy generation. Where matter is sparse (voids), information processing transmuting into volume accelerates expansion. Where matter is dense (clusters), this process creates a confining pressure. We invite the scientific community to review this framework, which resolves the Hubble Tension and the Cold Spot anomaly without invoking dark sectors.

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Cite This Study

Ilija Petrovic (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6980fecbc1c9540dea81132ehttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18433374
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